{"id":408,"date":"2020-12-20T19:55:44","date_gmt":"2020-12-20T11:55:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.refusea.com\/?p=408"},"modified":"2020-12-20T19:55:44","modified_gmt":"2020-12-20T11:55:44","slug":"500px-%e7%b3%bb%e5%88%97%e4%ba%8c%ef%bc%9a%e9%a2%84%e5%a4%87%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/refusea.com\/?p=408","title":{"rendered":"500px \u7cfb\u5217\u4e8c\uff1a\u9884\u5907\u77e5\u8bc6"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>urllib.request<\/h2>\n<p>\u6839\u636e python \u6587\u6863\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0chttp.client \u662f\u4e2a\u4f4e\u7ea7\u7684 http \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u800c urllib.request \u662f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u7528 urllib.request \u5427<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/urllib.request.html\">https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/urllib.request.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/howto\/urllib2.html#urllib-howto\">https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/howto\/urllib2.html#urllib-howto<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u6253\u5f00 URL \u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5e93<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u7528\u6765\u6253\u5f00 URL(\u591a\u6570\u662f HTTP) \u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7c7b\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6216\u9700\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684 URL\uff0c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0ccookie \u7b49<\/p>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>urllib.request.urlopen(url, data=None, [timeout,]*, cafile=None, capath=None, cadefault=False, context=None)\n<ul>\n<li>url &#8211; string \u6216 Request \u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\n<li>data &#8211; \u5b57\u8282\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0cNone \u8868\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e2a\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u91cc Content-Length \u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u5b9a\u3002\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u4ec5 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528 data \u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u4e3a POST\n<ol>\n<li>data \u5e94\u662f\u6807\u51c6 application\/x-www-form-urlencoded \u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002urllib.parse.urlencode() \u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u4e2a mapping \u6216 2\u5143\u7ec4\u5e8f\u5217\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u683c\u5f0f\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0cdata \u5e94\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282<\/li>\n<li>urllib.request \u4f7f\u7528 HTTP\/1.1 \u4e14\u5305\u542b Connection:close \u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>timeout &#8211; \u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u79d2\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4(\u4f8b\u5982\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6)\uff0c\u5982\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u5c40\u8bbe\u5b9a\u3002\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e HTTP\uff0c HTTPS\uff0c FTP<\/li>\n<li>context &#8211; \u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f ssl.SSLConext \u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0 SSL \u7684\u9009\u9879<\/li>\n<li>cafile, capath &#8211; \u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e HTTPS \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u53ef\u4fe1 CA \u8bc1\u4e66\u3002cafile \u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a CA \u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0ccapath \u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>cadefault &#8211; \u5ffd\u7565\u8be5\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a context manager \u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\n<ol>\n<li>geturl() &#8211; \u8fd4\u56de\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7684 URL\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u8ddf\u968f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8df3\u8f6c<\/li>\n<li>info() &#8211; \u8fd4\u56de\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5934\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>getcode() &#8211; \u8fd4\u56de HTTP \u76f8\u5e94\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e HTTP \u548c HTTPS URL\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a http.client.HTTPResponse \u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 3 \u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709 reason \u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e FTP\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de urllib.response.addinfourl \u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\n<li>\u534f\u8bae\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 URLError<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de None\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u8bdd<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4ee3\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6e(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c*_proxy \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8bf8\u5982 http_proxy)\uff0cProxyHandler \u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b89\u88c5\u7684<\/li>\n<li>urllib.urlopen \u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0curllib.request.urlopen() \u548c urllib2.urlopen \u662f\u7b49\u6548\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>urllib.request.install_opener(opener)\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a OpenerDirector \u5b9e\u4f8b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5168\u5c40 opener\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u6709\u4f60\u60f3\u8981 urlopen \u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a opener \u65f6\u624d\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5e94\u8be5\u8c03\u7528 OpenerDirector.open()<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>urllib.request.build_opener([handler,&#8230;])<\/li>\n<li>\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u4e0d\u5199\u4e86<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7c7b<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>urllib.request.Request(url, data=None, headers={}, origin_req_host=None, unverifiable=False, method=None)<\/li>\n<li>urllib.request.OpenerDirector<\/li>\n<li>\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u4e0d\u5199\u4e86<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>url.parse<\/h2>\n<p>\u5bf9 url \u53ca\u5176\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/urllib.parse.html\">https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/urllib.parse.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>http.cookiejar<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f7f urllib.request \u5e93\u652f\u6301 cookie<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/http.cookiejar.html\">https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/http.cookiejar.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>html.parse<\/h2>\n<p>\u89e3\u6790 html<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/html.parser.html\">https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/html.parser.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>json<\/h2>\n<p>\u89e3\u6790 josn<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/json.html\">https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/json.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>os \u548c os.path<\/h2>\n<p>\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u8fdb\u5165\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/os.html\">https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/os.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/os.path.html\">https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/os.path.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>urllib.request 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